| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | AA | AB | AC | AD | AE | AF | AG | AH | AI | AJ | AK | AL | AM | AN | AO | AP | AQ | AR | AS | AT | AU | AV | AW | AX | AY | AZ | BA | BB | BC | BD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Reference | Name | Smelt Group (Team?) | Location | Date | Period | Demo | Expt Group | Furnace Type | Construction | Reused? | Cross Section Shape | Profile Shape | Shaft Ht Used (cm) | Stack Ht (cm) | Ext. Dia (cm) | Int. Dia (cm) | Tuyere Dia (cm) | Calc. Area (cm2) | Thickness (cm) | Arch Size (cm wxh) | Tuyere Type | Tuyere ID (cm) | Tuyere Angle (Deg) | Tuyere Insert (cm) | Base Type | Tuyere Above Base (cm) | Blower | Air Volume Avg (L/min) | Ideal @ 1.2 (L/Min) | Ore Type | Ore Mass (Kg) | Total Ore (Kg) | Fe % | Ore State | Slag (kg) | Ore Size (mm) | Full Sequence (Min/Kg) | Preheat (hh:mm) | Total Charcoal (Kg) | Avg Rate (min/charge) | Burn Rate (Min/Kg) | Charcoal Type | Charcoal Source | Main Sequence (hh:mm) | Extraction | Bloom Weight (Kg) | Bloom Condition | Yield (%) | Yield % Fe | Slag Type Recovered | Slag Recovered (Kg) | Reference | Objectives | Notes | ||
2 | 1 | Vinland Theory | Parks Canada | L'Anse aux Meadows NL | 27-Jun-01 | Viking Age | N | Vinland | boxed bowl | stone slabs, clay seal | Rectangle | box | 50 | 42 | NR | 35 x 30 | 1050.0 | na | none | steel pipe | 2.5 | NR Up | 3 | natural | 5 | Norse twin smith's | 120 (E) | 1260 | L'AM Bog Ore | 1.5 | 1.5 | 63.1% | roasted | to 10 (natural) | 25.1 | 0:30 | 4.5 | 20.3 | 13.6 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 1:01 | top | 0.1 | prills | 6.67% | 10.56% | poor | B Wallace, A Espelund | primary experiment on forms suggested by LAM | restricted by materials and equipment | ||||||
3 | 2 / D1 | Vinland Theory | DARC | Wareham ON | 26-May-02 | Viking Age | N | Vinland | boxed bowl | stone slabs, clay seal | Rectangle | box | 40 | 30 | NR | 45 x 40 | 1800.0 | na | none | steel pipe | 2.5 | 5 Up (E) | NR | natural | NR | Norse twin smith's | 100 (E) | 2160 | St. Lunarie Bog Ore/hammer scale/sand | 2.9/2.4/0.9 | 6.2 | ? | roasted | to 10 (natural) | 21.6 | 1:25 | 17.73 | 25.9 | 10.4 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 3:27 | cold | 0.0 | not sintered | na | na | poor | 4.3 | B Wallace, A Espelund | repeat #1 with shop support | development of post smelt measurements | |||||
4 | 3 / D2 | Taller Stack | DARC | Wareham ON | 6-Jun-03 | Romano British | N | medium shaft | straw cobb, refactory lined | Circle | conical | 90 | 55 | 35 | 27 to 24 | 26 (E) | 530.9 (E) | 5 | 15 x 20 | steel pipe | 2 (T) | 0 Flat | 5 | natural | 20 (E) | vacuum blower | NR | 637 | Guy's Run Goethite | 8.1 | 8.1 | 58.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 5.9 | NR | 47.25 | 10.4 | 4.9 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 3:17 | dismantled | 0.0 | sintered mass | na | na | good | 5 plus ? | after Sauder & Williams | application of learned techniques | burn out at about 3/4 of reaction haults | |||||
5 | 4 / D3 | Low Stack | DARC | Wareham ON | 12-Jun-04 | Viking Age | N | boxed short shaft | straw cobb in stone slabs | Circle | cylinder | 55 | 50 | 45 | 25 | 490.9 | 10 + | none | steel pipe | 2.5 | 15 Down | 5 | natural | 2 | Norse / hand crank | 125 / ? (E) | 589 | Guy's Run Goethite | 7 | 7.0 | 58.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 17.3 | 2:54 | 15 | 17.3 | 17.3 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 1:09 | dismantled | 0.0 | vapourized | na | na | sluggish | after P. Crew | establish standard smelter | too wet walls slump for poor tuyere placement | |||||||
6 | 5 | Early Iron 1 | Early Iron 1 | Cooperstown NY | 11-Oct-04 | Viking Age | Y | short shaft | straw cobb partial bank | Circle | conical | 60 | 46 | 70 | 28 to 27 | 27 | 572.6 | 8 varies | none | steel pipe | 2.5 | 15 Down | 3 | charcoal fines | 14 | Norse twin smith's | 125 (E) | 687 | Guy's Run Goethite | 8 | 8.0 | 58.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 21.0 | 2:17 | 12.5 | 11.8 | 15.9 | mixed hardwood | home made | 1:58 | top | 0.0 | pre bloom mass | na | na | no tapping | combined above | application of historic methods | iron starting to condense in sliced sections | ||||||
7 | 6 / D4 | Econo Norse test | DARC | Wareham ON | 23-Oct-04 | modern | N | Econo Norse | fire brick partial bank | Nonagon | cylinder | 68 | 45 | 55 | 35 | 1003.2 | 7.5 + | none | steel pipe | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | none | 23 | vacuum blower | 550 | 1204 | Guy's Run Goethite | 8 | 8.0 | 58.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | NR | 1:34 | 17.5 | 18.0 | 19.1 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 3:18 | top | 2.0 | fragmented | 25.00% | 43.10% | no tapping | group design | develop easy to build test furnace | prototype teaching furnace. | |||||||
8 | 7 | Econo Norse test | Smeltfest | Lexington VA | 25-Feb-05 | modern | N | Econo Norse | fire brick in sheet | Septagon | cylinder | 60 | 40 | 50 | 25 | 526.7 | 7.5 + | 10 x 15 | sheet copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 18 | vacuum blower | 815 | 632 | Guy's Run Goethite/Magnetite Sand | 31.8/3.2 | 35.0 | ? | roasted | 1 to 5 | NR | 1:25 | 78.14 | 9.1 | 5.1 | mixed hardwood | home made | 6:03 | dismantled | 6.5 | lacy | 18.58% | ? | good | teaching model | refine test / teaching furnace | use of forged copper tuyere | |||||||
9 | 8 | Econo Norse test | Smeltfest | Lexington VA | 27-Feb-05 | modern | N | Econo Norse | fire brick in sheet | Septagon | cylinder | 60 | 40 | 50 | 25 | 526.7 | 7.5 + | 10 x 15 | sheet copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 18 | vacuum blower | 815 | 632 | Guy's Run Goethite | 28 | 28.0 | 58.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | NR | 1:25 | 78.15 | 9.5 | 5.2 | mixed hardwood | home made | 6:09 | dismantled | 7.5 | solid | 26.79% | 46.18% | considerable | teaching model | refine test / teaching furnace | dupilcate of above | |||||||
10 | 9 | OABA demo | OABA | Wareham ON | 14-May-05 | modern | Y | Econo Norse | fire brick in sheet | Octagon | cylinder | 60 | 40 | 50 | 25 | 517.8 | 7.5 + | 10 x 15 E | steel pipe | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 20 | various | inconsistant | 621 | Stelco Taconite | 21.3 | 21.3 | 65.4% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 6.6 | 0:45 | 67.3 | 11.3 | 6.2 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 5:28 | dismantled | 9.5 | large | 44.60% | 68.20% | excessive | demonstration | introduce method to Ontario Blacksmiths | ash / sawdust packing produces much slag | |||||||
11 | 10 / D5 | CanIRON test | DARC | Wareham ON | 11-Jun-05 | Viking Age | N | boxed short shaft | straw cobb in stone slabs | Circle | cylinder | 60 | 46 | 40 | 25 | 490.9 | 7.5 | 10 x 15 | steel pipe | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 16 | Ubber Bellows | 600 (E) | 589 | Stelco Taconite | 10.9 | 10.9 | 65.4% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 8.6 | 1:0 | 38.2 | 12.1 | 7.0 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 3:37 | top | 3.2 | workable | 29.36% | 44.89% | good | Viking Age demonstration | develop VA demonstration methods | switch to blower at 2:30 @ 815 LpM | |||||||
12 | 11 / D6 | CanIRON 5 | DARC | Annapolis Royal NS | 1-Sep-05 | Viking Age | Y | boxed short shaft | straw cobb in stone slabs | Circle | cylinder | 60 | 46 | 40 | 25 | 490.9 | 7.5 | 10 x 15 E | steel pipe | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 15 | Ubber Bellows | 600 (E) | 589 | Stelco Taconite/Sand | 10.9/2.4 | 13.3 | 53.6% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 11.3 | 1:20 | 47.3 | 19.1 | 10.5 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 6:42 | top | 2.3 | small | 17.29% | 32.27% | limited | Viking Age demonstration | CANIRON 4 - historic demonstration | switch to blower at 6:40 (no volume) | |||||||
13 | 12 | Early Iron 2 | recover from Hendrix | Cooperstown NY | 1-Oct-05 | modern | N | Teaching | Flue Tyle | reinforced tile | Rectangle | box | 60 | 40 | 30 x 30 | 25 x 25 | 625.0 | 2.5 | 10 x 15 E | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | NR | electric blower | 1000 (E) | 750 | Guy's Run Goethite | 15.9 | 15.9 | 58.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | NR | NR | 67.7 | 13.2 | 6.8 | oak rail ties | Cowboy | 5:37 | bottom | 3.4 | workable | 21.38% | 36.87% | good | teaching | teaching | second 'Rescue' bloom only | ||||||
14 | 13 / D7 | Short Shaft | DARC | Wareham ON | 12-Nov-05 | Viking Age | N | boxed short shaft | straw cobb in stone slabs | Circle | cylinder | 60 | 42 | 40 | 25 | 490.9 | 7.5 | 10 x 15 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 16 | vacuum blower | 600 (E) | 589 | Stelco Taconite/Guy's Run Goethite/Gromps | 10.5/9.3/1.1 | 20.9 | ? | roasted | 1 to 5 | 4.2 | NR | 79.5 | 7.7 | 3.4 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 3:43 | top | 4.3 | workable | 20.57% | ? | considerable silca | established design | establish repeatable methods | general control and understanding | |||||||
15 | 14 | Black Rock demo | Michigan blacksmiths | Traverse City MN | 18-Feb-06 | modern | Y | Econo Norse | fire brick in sheet | Octagon | cylinder | 60 | 40 | 50 | 25 | 517.8 | 7.5 + | 15 x 10 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 20 | vacuum blower | 800 (E) | 621 | Michigan Taconite/Gromps | 30/1.4 | 31.4 | 65.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 4.1 | 0:50 | 107 | 8.9 | 3.9 | oak - hickory | NR | 5:29 | dismantled | 13.5 | workable | 42.99% | 69.23% | good | demonstration | teaching | environment temperature of limited effect | |||||||
16 | 15 | Smeltfest 06 | Sargent | Lexington VA | 8-Mar-06 | Viking Age | N | medium shaft on block | straw cobb | Use 1 | Circle | conical | 85 | 60 | 46 to 40 | 40 to 30 | 35 (E) | 962.1 (E) | 9 to 5 | 12 x 18 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 22 Down | 6 | charcoal fines | 19 | vacuum blower | 970 | 1155 | Opta Hematite | 45.5 | 45.5 | 68.7% | raw | 1 | 3.3 | 0:45 | 86 | 6.7 | 2.9 | mixed hardwood | home made | 3:13 | bottom | 21.8 | lacy | 47.91% | 69.77% | good | development | use of hematite, modifications to furnace | flask shaped with use of hematite | |||||
17 | 16 | Smeltfest 06 | Sargent | Lexington VA | 10-Mar-06 | Viking Age | N | short shaft on block | straw cobb | Use 2 of Expt 15 | Circle | conical | 60 | 40 | 46 to 40 | 40 to 28 | 35 (E) | 962.1 (E) | 9 to 6 | 12 x 18 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 22 Down | 6 | charcoal fines | 14 | vacuum blower | 970 | 1155 | Opta Hematite | 45.5 | 45.5 | 68.7% | raw | 1 | 3.5 | 0:45 | 68 | 7.2 | 3.2 | mixed hardwood | home made | 3:30 | bottom | 20.0 | lacy | 43.96% | 64.01% | a bit dry | development | repeat above | re-use of smelter # 15 | |||||
18 | 17 / D8 | Spring Smelt | DARC | Wareham ON | 10-Jun-06 | Viking Age | N | half banked short shaft | straw cobb | Circle | cylinder | 65 | 45 | 38 | 23 | 415.5 | 7.5 | 13 x 20 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 7 | vacuum blower | 1060 | 499 | Bratton's Run Goethite/Gromps | 18/1.7 | 19.7 | 45.4% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 5.5 | 1:30 | 87.3 | 9.1 | 5.0 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 6:21 | top | 2.8 | none | 14.21% | 34.26% | good | development | use of half banked furnace construction | all coverted to cast iron or high iron slag | |||||||
19 | 18 / D9 | SCA Bonfield demo | DARC | Bonfield ON | 2-Sep-06 | Viking Age | N | Air | boxed short shaft | straw cobb in stone slabs | Circle | conical | 60 | 35 | 40 E | 25 to 22 | 21.5 (E) | 363.1 (E) | 7.5 E | 10 X 15 E | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down (E) | 5 (E) | charcoal fines | 15 | Ubber Bellows | 600 (E) | 436 | Guy's Run Goethite | 10.5 | 10.5 | 58.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | NR | 2:8 | 57 | 21.6 | 9.5 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 6:07 | top | 1.5 | 14.29% | 24.63% | small masses only | L'Anse aux Meadows | layout based on LAM - use of Ubber Bellows | problems with bellows design and labour | ||||||
20 | 19 | Loki' / Minden | Early Iron 3 | Peters Valley NJ | 7-Oct-06 | Viking Age | N | short shaft | straw cobb | Use 1 | Circle | cylinder | 66 | 50 | 30 | 20 | 314.2 | 5 | 11 x 20 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 13 | vacuum blower | 700 | 377 | Minden Red Ochre | 8.8 | 8.8 | 42.6% | small to dust | NR | 0:35 | 40.9 | 16.0 | 7.0 | tropical | NR | 2:56 | dismantled | 0.7 | nodules | 7.95% | 18.68% | good | established design | test of ore body | assumed low iron content demonstrated | |||||||
21 | 20 | Early Iron 3 | Sargent | Peters Valley NJ | 9-Oct-06 | modern | N | Flue Tyle | reinforced tile | Rectangle | box | 60 | 40 | 30 x 30 | 25 x 25 | 625.0 | 2.5 | 10 x 15 E | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down (E) | 5 (E) | charcoal fines | 15 (E) | electric blower | 1000 (E) | 750 | Guy's Run Goethite | 45.5 | 45.5 | 58.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | NR | 0:35 | 58.2 | 8.9 | 4.9 | tropical | NR | 3:16 | bottom | NR | workable | NR | NR | good | established design | none specifically | 1.9 kg reproduction VA anvil from portion. | |||||||
22 | 21 / D10 | Fall Smelt | DARC | Wareham ON | 5-Nov-06 | Viking Age | N | half banked short shaft | straw cobb | Use 2 of Expt 19 | Circle | cylinder | 90 | 75 | 50 | 23 | 415.5 | 7.5 | 13 x 20 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | natural | 10 | vacuum blower | 1060 | 499 | Guy's Run Goethite | 23.5 | 23.5 | 58.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 8.4 | 0:40 | 19 | 6.4 | 6.4 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 1:10 | top | 0.0 | iron rich slag only | na | na | good | established design | none specifically | 3rd reuse of furnace - why this result? | ||||||
23 | 22 | Redemption' | Wareham ON | 6-Nov-06 | Viking Age | N | half banked short shaft | straw cobb | Use 3 of Expt 19 | Circle | cylinder | 90 | 75 | 50 | 23 | 415.5 | 7.5 | 13 x 20 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | natural | 10 | vacuum blower | 1060 | 499 | Bratton's Run Goethite/Gromps | 8.9/10.2 | 19.1 | ? | roasted | 1 to 5 / walnut | 4.0 | 0:45 | 50.9 | 6.6 | 3.6 | oak - hickory | Black Diamond | 2:05 | top | 6.8 | workable | 35.60% | ? | good | established design | Reserection' for # 21 | self proof of ability | |||||||
24 | 23 | Intro Smelting | Mikaff, Paddon | Wareham ON | 2-Jun-07 | modern | N | Teaching | Econo Norse | fire brick in sheet | Hexagon | cylinder | 60 | 40 | 50 | 25 | 541.3 | 7.5 + | 15 x 10 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 15 (E) | vacuum blower | 800 | 650 | Opta Hematite | 22.3 | 22.3 | 68.7% | raw | 1 | NR | 0:55 | 54.5 | 8.1 | 4.4 | oak - hickory | Black Diamond | 3:06 | dismantled | 12.7 | workable | 56.95% | 82.93% | good | established design | course | excellent student results | ||||||
25 | 24 / D11 | Hot Swap | DARC | Wareham ON | 9-Jun-07 | Viking Age | N | half banked short shaft | straw cobb | Use 4 of Expt 19 | Circle | cylinder | 90 | 75 | 40 | 23 | 415.5 | 7.5 | 13 x 20 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 15 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 14 | vacuum blower | 900 | 499 | Bratton's Run Goethite | 20 | 20.0 | 45.4% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 5.6 | 0:43 | 54.5 | 9.5 | 5.2 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 3:49 | top | 0.9 | workable | 4.50% | 9.92% | good | established design | hot swap' doouble smelt | 4th use / expected low return from poor ore | ||||||
26 | 25 / D12 | Hot Swap | DARC | Wareham ON | 9-Jun-07 | Viking Age | N | half banked short shaft | straw cobb | Use 5 of Expt 19 | Circle | cylinder | 90 | 75 | 40 | 23 | 415.5 | 7.5 | 13 x 20 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 15 Down | ? | hot slag bowl | NR | vacuum blower | 900 | 499 | Bratton's Run Goethite/Opta Hematite/Gromps | 12/11.9/NR | NR | 57.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 / 1 | NR | 0:0 | 41.8 | 7.4 | 4.3 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 2:21 | top | 3.1 | workable | NR | 22.76% | excessive silica | established design | hot swap' double smelt | 5th use / expected improvement mixed ore | ||||||
27 | 26 | Icelandic 1 | Peterson, Ross | Wareham ON | 7-Oct-07 | Viking Age Icelandic | N | Icelandic | half banked short shaft | clay, stone slab front | Flat Circle | cylinder | 77 | 53.5 | 40 | 27 to 23 | 519.7 | 7.5 + | 15 x 30 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 0 | natural | 10 (E) | vacuum blower | 800 | 624 | Opta Hematite | 12.3 | 12.3 | 68.7% | roasted | 1 to 2.5 | 4.4 | 2:15 | 54 | 7.1 | 3.9 | oak - hickory | Black Diamond | 1:53 | top | 6.0 | workable | 48.78% | 71.04% | good | L'Anse aux Meadows | use of stone slab above tuyere | intial use of low air, increased half way | ||||||
28 | 27 / D13 | Icelandic 2 | DARC | Wareham ON | 27-Oct-07 | Viking Age Icelandic | N | Icelandic | half banked short shaft | stone slabs, clay seal | Rectangle | angled | 70 | 45 | 46 | 35 x 25 | 35 | 875.0 | 5 to 10 | 20 x 20 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 26 Down | 0 | charcoal fines | 18 | vacuum blower | 410 | 1050 | Opta Hematite/Bratton's Run Goethite | 10/2.3 | 12.3 | 64.3% | raw | 1 | NR | 1:17 | 34 | 19.9 | 13.2 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 4:19 | bottom | 2.0 | poorly sintered | 16.26% | 25.28% | minimal | 3.5 | L'Anse aux Meadows | all stone slab - low air | 1.8 kg unsintered + 2.3 kg gromps = 4.1 kg | ||||
29 | 28 | Intro Smelting | Martin Group | Wareham ON | 25-Nov-07 | Viking Age | N | Teaching | short shaft on brick | straw cobb | Circle | cylinder | 72 | 50 | 40 | 25 | 490.9 | 6 to 8 | 15 x 20 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 10 | vacuum blower | 770 | 589 | Stelco Taconite/Bratton's Run Goethite | 16.2/1.8 | 18.0 | 63.4% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 4.3 | 2:0 | 60 | 7.4 | 4.2 | oak - hickory | Black Diamond | 2:57 | top | 5.5 | workable | 30.56% | 48.20% | good | 9 | established design | course | excellent student results | |||||
30 | 29 | Bellows Plate | Williams, Keen | Lexington VA | 13-Mar-08 | Viking Age | N | medium shaft | clay / sand | Use 1 | Circle | cylinder | 105 | 60 | 60 to 43 | 30 | 706.9 | 7 | 9 x 12 | plate & hole | 3 | 22 Down | -6 | charcoal fines | 15 | electric blower | NR | 848 | Guy's Run Goethite | 23 | 23.0 | 58.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 6.1 | 2:3 | 45 | 13.2 | 7.5 | mixed hardwood | home made | 3:38 | bottom | 5.5 | crescent | 23.91% | 41.23% | all | based on Eindoven | test of plate & blow hole | better yield than expected | ||||||
31 | 30 | DARC Dirt 1 | Williams, Keen | Lexington VA | 16-Mar-08 | Viking Age | N | medium shaft | clay / sand | Use 2 of Expt 29 | Circle | cylinder | 105 | 60 | 60 to 43 | 30 | 706.9 | 7 | above + | plate & hole | 3 | 22 Down | -6 | charcoal fines | 15 | electric blower | NR | 848 | DD1S | 30.2 | 30.2 | 49.8% | all to 25 | NR | 1:10 | 54.5 | 12.5 | 6.9 | mixed hardwood | home made | 4:36 | bottom | 1.7 | small | 5.63% | 11.29% | based on Eindoven | test of plate & blow hole | expected lower yield from method | ||||||||
32 | 31 | Bellows Plate | Williams, Keen | Lexington VA | 17-Mar-08 | Viking Age | N | medium shaft | clay / sand | Use 3 of Expt 29 | Circle | cylinder | 105 | 58 | 60 to 43 | 30 | 706.9 | 7 | 25 x 28 | plate & hole | 4 | 22 Down | -13.5 | charcoal fines | 10 | electric blower | NR | 848 | Bratton's Run Goethite | 59.5 | 59.5 | 45.4% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 5.4 | 2:11 | 68.2 | 11.4 | 6.0 | mixed hardwood | home made | 5:19 | bottom | 7.7 | column | 12.94% | 28.54% | based on Eindoven | test of plate & blow hole | moving hole position | |||||||
33 | 32 / D14 | DARC Dirt 2 | DARC | Wareham ON | 13-Apr-08 | modern | N | Econo Norse | fire brick in can | Hexagon | cylinder | 70 | 45 | 35 | 20 | 346.4 | 7.5 hexigon | 23 x 20 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 15 | electric blower | 365 to 450 | 416 | DD1S | 18 | 18.0 | 49.8% | all to 25 | 8.1 | 1:25 | 34 | 14.1 | 7.1 | oak - hickory | Black Diamond | 2:21 | bottom | 2.0 | workable | 11.11% | 22.29% | established design | test of furnace | good function of smaller transportable unit | |||||||||
34 | 33 | 2 Stage test A | Espelund | Heltborg DK | 30-Apr-08 | Norway | N | modified medium shaft | clay / sand | Use 1 | Circle | cylinder | 55 | 30 | NR | 25 | 490.9 | NR | 20 x 30 | steel pipe | 2 (T) | 20 Down | 0 | ash & charcoal | NR | danish vacuum | 1000 | 589 | Guldager Bog Ore | 15 | 13.0 | 64.2% | 1 to 20 | NR | 2:5 | 27.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | mixed hardwood | Denmark | 1:03 | bottom | 0.0 | to iron rich slag | na | na | intended step A | Olesen's furnace | Espelund theoretical | slag produciton only | |||||||
35 | 34 | 2 stage test B | Espelund | Heltborg DK | 2-May-08 | Norway | N | modified medium shaft | clay / sand | Use 2 of Expt 33 | Circle | cylinder | 70 | 50 | NR | 25 | 490.9 | NR | 15 x 15 | steel pipe | 2 (T) | 20 Down | 0 | charcoal fines | 10 | danish vacuum | 1000 | 589 | Iron Rich Slag | 7.8 | 7.8 | ? | 1 to 5 | 6.1 | 1:10 | 15.5 | 7.0 | 7.0 | mixed hardwood | Denmark | 0:42 | bottom | 0.0 | gromps only | na | ? | complete sequence | Olesen's furnace | Espelund theoretical | poor results - question method? | |||||||
36 | 35 | method demo | Heltborg DK | 4-May-08 | Norway | Y | medium shaft | clay / sand | Use 3 of Expt 33 | Circle | cylinder | 110 | 85 | NR | 25 | 490.9 | NR | 15 x 15 | steel pipe | 2 (T) | 23 Down | 0 | charcoal fines | 10 | danish vacuum | 1000 | 589 | Heltborg Bog Ore/Swedish Bog Ore/Guldager Bog Ore | 8.2/5.2/1.8 | 15.2 | ? | varies - fine | 7.5 | 2:0 | 31 | 11.8 | 11.8 | mixed hardwood | Denmark | 2:34 | cold | 1.8 | lacy | 11.84% | ? | Olesen's furnace modified | demonstration of developed methods | less than good result, ore quality? | |||||||||
37 | 36 / D15 | DARC Dirt 3 | DARC | Wareham ON | 14-Jun-08 | Viking Age | N | half banked short shaft on brick | straw cobb | Oval | cylinder | 65 | 47 | NR | 26 by 23 | 469.7 | NR | 20 x 25 E | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 23.5 Down | 3.5 | natural | 11 (E) | electric blower | 660 to 780 | 564 | DD1S | 20 | 20.0 | 49.8% | raw | 5 to 25 | 5.3 | 2:20 | 37.4 | 10.1 | 5.9 | ? hardwood | NR | 1:51 | bottom | 1.9 | crumbly | 9.50% | 19.06% | good | established design | ore test in proven furnace | 3 x consolidation cycles | |||||||
38 | 37 | Quad State demo | Cook | Troy OH | 27-Sep-08 | Viking Age | Y | short shaft on block | NR clay | Circle | cylinder | 85 | 45 | NR | 25 | 490.9 | NR | none | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 20 | electric blower | 800 | 589 | Jamestown Goethite | 34.5 | 34.7 | 52.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 4.9 | 1:37 | 63.83 | 10.4 | 5.6 | ? hardwood | NR | 3:39 (E) | top | 9.5 | workable | 27.38% | 52.66% | self tapping | established design | Quad State demo | excellent demonstration results | |||||||
39 | 38 / D16 | Work Dynamic | DARC | Wareham ON | 12-Oct-08 | Viking Age Icelandic | Y | Icelandic | banked short shaft | straw cobb | Circle | cylinder | 65 | 37 | 28 | 22 | 380.1 | 5 | 10 x 20 | plate & hole | 8 | 15 Down | -4 | natural | 20 | electric blower | 625 to 740 | 456 | Bratton's Run Goethite/Stelco Taconite | 8/15 | 23.0 | 58.4% | roasted | 1 to 5 | NR | 1:18 | 46.25 | 13.7 | 7.4 | ? hardwood | NR | 4:07 | bottom | 4.9 | workable | 21.30% | 36.46% | sitting high | Hals, Iceland | working systems test / plate and blow hole | problems with slag too high, shift to insert | ||||||
40 | 39 / D17 | Icelandic 4 | DARC | Wareham ON | 8-Nov-08 | Viking Age Icelandic | Y | Icelandic | banked short shaft | straw cobb | Oval | cylinder | 85 | 42 | 20 | 26 by 24 | 490.1 | 5 | 10 x 19 | plate & hole | 5 | 25 Down | -2.5 | natural | 20 | electric blower | 400 to 1000 | 588 | Bratton's Run Goethite/Opta Hematite | 8.4/15.4 | 23.8 | 60.4% | roasted | 1 to 5 / 1 | 6.3 | 2:38 | 48 | 11.9 | 6.0 | ? hardwood | NR | 3:23 | top | 3.3 | lumpy | 13.66% | 22.59% | sitting high | 16.6 | Hals, Iceland | working systems test | expected lower yield from method | |||||
41 | 40 / D18 | Vinland 1 | DARC | Wareham ON | 30-May-09 | Viking Age Vinland | N | Vinland | short shaft | clay | Circle | cylinder | 62 | 45 | 30 | 20 | 314.2 | 5 | none | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 23 Down | 3 | natural | 17 | electric blower | 640 | 377 | DD2S | 18 | 18.0 | 57.2% | raw | all to 25 | 7.1 | 2:52 | 38 | 15.1 | 6.8 | maple | Basques | 2:31 | top | 4.9 | very dense | 27.22% | 47.59% | self tapping | 8.6 | Vinland | furnace design | viability of working space | |||||
42 | 41 / D19 | Vinland 2 | DARC | Wareham ON | 11-Oct-09 | Viking Age Vinland | N | Vinland | short shaft | clay block & fire brick | Circle | cylinder | 62 | 48 | varies | 20 | 314.2 | 5 + 7 | none | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 22 Down | 3 | natural | 14 | box / electric | 900 (E) | 377 | Opta Hematite/DD1S/DD2S | 10.1/6/4.6 | 20.7 | 60.7% | raw | all to 25 | 7.3 | 1:50 | 43 | 12.7 | 7.2 | maple | Basques | 3:10 | top | 5.6 | very dense | 27.05% | 44.60% | self tapping | Vinland | placement of slack tub / Frankenbellows | interpret as stubb / failed mechanical design | ||||||
43 | 42 / D20 | Vinland 3 | DARC | Wareham ON | 7-Nov-09 | Viking Age Vinland | N | Vinland | short shaft | clay / sand | Circle | cylinder | 55 | 40 | 32 | 22 | 380.1 | 5 | 27 x 15 | forged steel pipe | 2 | 20 Down | 5 | natural | 15 | smelt bellows | 700 (E) | 456 | DD2S | 18 | 18.0 | 57.2% | raw | all to 25 | 10.0 | 1:34 | 28 | 17.7 | 8.9 | maple | Basques | 3:15 | top - broken | 2.9 | dense | 16.11% | 28.17% | self tapping | Vinland | human powered air | expected lower yield / different placement | ||||||
44 | 43 / D21 | Vinland 4 | DARC | Wareham ON | 12-Jun-10 | Viking Age Vinland | N | Vinland | short shaft | clay / sand | Circle | hour glass | 68 | 48 | 32 to 25 | 28 to 23 | 28 (E) | 615.8 (E) | 5 | 20 x 14 | forged steel pipe | 2 (T) | 22 to 30 Down | 5 | natural | 19 | smelt bellows | 700 (E) | 739 | DD1S/Opta Hematite | 11.4/8.6 | 20.0 | 57.9% | raw | all to 25 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | maple | Maple Leaf | #VALUE! | top | 1.6 | lumpy | 8.00% | 13.81% | major draining | Vinland | all historic method | expected lower yield / working layout | |||||
45 | 44 / D22 | Vinland 5 demo | DARC / Parks Canada | L'Anse aux Meadows NL | 21-Aug-10 | Viking Age Vinland | Y | Vinland | short shaft | clay / sand | Oval | cylinder | 63 | 45 | 33 to 29 | 24 by 22 | 414.7 | 7 to 9 | 25 x 20 | forged steel pipe | 2 (T) | 19 Down | 4.5 | natural | 18 | smelt bellows | 700 (E) | 498 | DD2S | 20 | 20.0 | 57.2% | raw | all to 25 | 7.6 | 1:30 | 35.5 | 14.2 | 8.1 | maple | Maple Leaf | 3:19 | top - broken | 2.8 | lumpy fragments | 14.00% | 24.48% | Vinland | demonstration on site | proof of historic method | |||||||
46 | 45 / D23 | CanIRON 8 test | DARC | Wareham ON | 6-Nov-10 | modern | N | Econo Norse | fire brick in sheet | Octagon | cylinder | 76 | 55 | 45 | 28 | 649.5 | 10 + | none | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 23 Down | 4 | charcoal fines | 21 | electric blower | 800 to 900 | 779 | Opta Hematite | 24 | 24.0 | 68.7% | raw | 1 | 6.0 | 1:14 | 37.7 | 8.1 | 5.6 | maple | Maple Leaf | 2:26 | dismantled | 8.5 | solid | 35.42% | 51.58% | CanIRON 9 demo | team experience | needs more practice | ||||||||
47 | 46 | Africa' | Smeltfest | Lexington VA | 18-Mar-11 | Africian | N | flask with shaft | straw cobb | Circle | dome | 310 | 85 | 110 | 65 | 3318.3 | 20 | slag pit | mulitple - clay | 2 (T) | 5 Down (E) | 10 | sticks / straw | at floor | passive | ? | 3982 | Guy's Run Goethite | 91 | 91.0 | 58.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 5.5 | 2:33 | 195 | 13.6 | 5.6 | mixed hardwood | home made | 9:57 | bottom | 0.0 | none | na | na | massive block | Burkino Fasso | proof of concept only | too much focus on fine detail / modify method | |||||||
48 | 47 | Experiment & Iron | Brown Students | Bristol RI | 21-Apr-11 | Viking Age | N | Teaching | short shaft on block | straw cobb | Circle | cylinder | 64 | 48 | 39 | 25 to 24 | 25 (E) | 490.9 (E) | 8.5 | 8.5 x 25 | ceramic / pipe | 2.5 / 2 | 20 Down | 4.5 | natural | 16 | electric blower | 850 | 589 | Guy's Run Goethite/DD2S/Opta Hematite | 18/9.5/1.5 | 29.0 | 58.3% | various | 1 to 5 | NR | 0:55 | 45 | 12.4 | 9.4 | oak rail ties | Cowboy | 3:56 | bottom | 2.2 | fragmented | 7.59% | 13.01% | standard | teaching | proves viablity of progam | ||||||
49 | D24 | CanIRON 8 test | DARC | Wareham ON | 11-Jun-11 | modern | N | Econo Norse | fire brick in sheet | Octagon | cylinder | 65 | 45 | 45 | 25 | 517.8 | 10 + | none | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 20 | electric blower | 900 | 621 | Bratton's Run Goethite | 24 | 24.0 | 45.4% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 5.9 | 1:20 | 48 | 9.6 | 5.2 | maple | Maple Leaf | 2:53 | dismantled | 2.7 | spongy | 11.04% | 24.35% | CanIRON 9 demo | team experience | too much detail on construction | ||||||||
50 | D25 | CanIRON 8 demo | DARC | Fergus ON | 28-Jul-11 | modern | Y | Econo Norse | fire brick in sheet | Octagon | cylinder | 65 | 45 | 45 | 25 | 517.8 | 10 + | none | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 20 | electric blower | 900 | 621 | DD1Fd | 26 | 26.0 | 57.1% | raw | all to 25 | 6.4 | NR | 47 | 12.4 | 6.9 | maple | Maple Leaf | 4:33 | dismantled | 5.0 | workable | 19.23% | 33.69% | CanIRON 9 demo | public demonstration | good team performance | ||||||||
51 | 48 / D26 | Slag Pit 1 | Burnham, Peterson | Wareham ON | 9-Oct-11 | Celtic Iron Age | N | short shaft / slag pit | straw cobb | Use 1 | Circle | cylinder | 55 | 43 | 40 | 25 | 490.9 | 7.5 | 19 x 10 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 13 | electric blower | 800 | 589 | Bratton's Run Goethite/DD1 | 24.5/23.5 | 48.0 | 50.0% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 5.3 | 1:56 | 65 | 9.3 | 5.2 | maple | Maple Leaf | 4:19 | bottom | 0.0 | none | na | na | massive block | 40 | van de Manakker | proof of concept | questionable ore means no iron | |||||
52 | 49 | Slag Pit 2 | Peterson | Wareham ON | 5-Nov-11 | Celtic Iron Age | N | short shaft / slag pit | straw cobb | Use 2 of Expt 48 / D26 | Circle | cylinder | 55 | 43 | 40 | 25 | 490.9 | 7.5 | 19 x 10 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 10 | electric blower | 900 | 589 | Stelco Taconite | 19.2 | 19.2 | 65.4% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 5.6 | 0:50 | 48.5 | 10.1 | 5.4 | maple | Maple Leaf | 2:22 | top | 6.4 | workable | 33.33% | 50.97% | block | 7.1 | van de Manakker | proof of concept | repeat with good ore proves system | |||||
53 | 50 | Production | Wareham ON | 5-May-12 | modern | N | short shaft on brick | manure cobb in can | Use 1 | Circle | conical | 77 | 48 | 40 to 35 | 29 to 25.5 | 28.5 | 637.9 | NR to 5 | 23 x 23 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 15 | electric blower | 800 | 765 | Jamestown Goethite | 42.9 | 43.9 | 51.1% | roasted | 1 to 5 | 11.2 | 2:0 | 55 | 15.6 | 8.7 | maple / oak - hickory | Maple Leaf / Royal Oak | 5:28 | top - bottom | 12.3 | lumpy | 27.95% | 54.70% | Lee Sauder | production furnace build | solid durable design as expected | |||||||
54 | 51 / D27 | Icelandic 5 | DARC | Wareham ON | 26-May-12 | Viking Age Icelandic | Y | Icelandic | banked short shaft | clay | Oval | cylinder | 60 | 48 | 36 - 34 | 28 by 26 | 571.8 | 4 | 10 x 14 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 22 Down | 5 | ash & fines | 10 | electric blower | 800 | 686 | DD1Sb | 31.8 | 31.8 | 52.4% | raw | all to 25 | 6.7 | 1:0 | 49 | 12.4 | 8.3 | maple | Maple Leaf | 3:44 | top | 5.8 | solid | 18.24% | 34.82% | Hals Iceland | resume Icelandic series | re-familurization | |||||||
55 | 52 | Celtic Festival | Celtic College | Goderich ON | 11-Aug-12 | Viking Age | Y | Teaching | short shaft on block | NR clay | Oval | cylinder | 64 | 45 | 41- 37 | 29 by 27 | 615.0 | 6 to 5 | 15 x 11 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5.5 | ash & fines | 15 | electric blower | 800 | 738 | DD1Fd | 31.8 | 31.8 | 57.1% | raw | all to 25 | 7.5 | 0:50 | 50 | 11.4 | 7.5 | maple | Maple Leaf | 4:11 | top | 7.1 | solid | 22.33% | 39.11% | proven design | public demonstration | excellent demonstration & teaching | |||||||
56 | 53 | ICMS demo | ICMS | Kalamzoo MI | 11-May-13 | Viking Age | Y | short shaft on block | NR clay | Circle | cylinder | 72 | 59 | 37 | 28 | 615.8 | 7.5 to 4.5 | 15 x 6.5 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 4 | charcoal fines | 15 | electric blower | 900 | 739 | DD1Fe | 25 | 25.0 | 58.8% | raw | all to 25 | NR | 2:6 | 68 | 12.7 | 5.8 | ? hardwood | NR | 4:02 | bottom | 5.4 | solid | 21.60% | 36.71% | workshop / demo | excellent demonstration & teaching | |||||||||
57 | 54 | Intro Smelting | Evarts, Eamon | Wareham ON | 26-May-13 | Viking Age | N | Teaching | short shaft on block | manure cobb | Oval | cylinder | 72 | 57 | 43 | 29 by 27 | 615.0 | 6 to 5 | 18 x 10 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 22 Down | 4 | charcoal fines | 13 | electric blower | 800 | 738 | #REF! | 12/14.4/4/0 | 30.4 | ? | roasted | all to 5 / 25 | NR | 1:21 | 53 | 9.3 | 5.2 | maple | Maple Leaf | 3:05 | bottom | 10.5 | crumbly | 34.54% | ? | teaching | good results / teaching | ||||||||
58 | 55 | Experiment & Iron | Students | Washington College MD | 22-Oct-13 | Viking Age | N | Teaching | short shaft on block | straw cobb | Circle | cylinder | 64 | 54 | 36 | 28 | 615.8 | 4 | 13 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 23 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 10 | electric blower | 1000 | 739 | Bratton's Run Goethite | 42.5 | 42.5 | 45.4% | roasted? | all to 5 | 7.4 | 1:32 | 56 | 12.0 | 6.6 | ? hardwood | NR | 4:24 | bottom | 4.4 | 3.2 kg as cast | 10.35% | 22.83% | teaching | good results / teaching | ||||||||
59 | 56 | T2T prototype | Peterson + | Wareham ON | 14-Jun-14 | Pictish 200 - 400 AD | N | Turf-to-Tools | short shaft on stone | clay / sand over wicker | Circle | conical | 61 | 45 | 52 to 32 | 36 to 24 | 32 (E) | 804.2 (E) | 8 to 5 | 18 x 21 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | ? Down | NR | charcoal fines | 16 | electric blower | 540 | 965 | DD1M | 31 | 31.0 | 51.2% | raw | all to 25 | 6.3 | 1:8 | 53 | 11.1 | 5.6 | maple / oak - hickory | Basques / Royal Oak | 3:20 | bottom | 5.2 | solid | 16.77% | 32.74% | Culduthel, Scotland | test wicker frame / build | cracking from internal frame | ||||||
60 | 57 | T2T 1A | SSW | Lumsden Scotland | 11-Aug-14 | Pictish 200 - 400 AD | N | Turf-to-Tools | short shaft on stone | manure cobb | Use 1 | Oval | conical | 66 | 45 | 45 to 30 | 29 by 20 | 24 (E) | 455.5 (E) | 8 to 5 | 25 x 18 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 11 | leaf blower 1 | ? | 547 | Macaulayite/Scotland Taconite/DD1-SSW | 16.2/7.8/6 | 30.0 | 41.6% | roasted | all to 5 / 25 | NR | 0:22 | 60 | 10.9 | 5.4 | beech | Scotland | 3:27 | bottom | 2.3 | thin disk | 7.67% | 18.42% | Culduthel, Scotland | build / resource test | questionable ore body | |||||
61 | 58 | T2T 1B | SSW | Lumsden Scotland | 14-Aug-14 | Pictish 200 - 400 AD | N | Turf-to-Tools | short shaft on stone | manure cobb | Use 2 of Expt 57 | Oval | conical | 66 | 45 | 45 to 30 | 29 by 20 | 24 (E) | 455.5 (E) | 8 to 5 | 25 x 18 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 4 | charcoal fines | 15 | leaf blower 1 | ? | 547 | DD1-SSW/Scotland Taconite | 27/14 | 41.0 | 58.4% | roasted | all to 5 / 25 | NR | 1:12 | 62 | 4.0 | 8.1 | beech | Scotland | 2:41 | bottom | 4.7 | fragmented | 11.46% | 19.62% | Culduthel, Scotland | build test / skills development | uncertain why low yield | |||||
62 | 59 | T2T 1C | SSW | Lumsden Scotland | 17-Aug-14 | Pictish 200 - 400 AD | Y | Turf-to-Tools | short shaft on stone | manure cobb | Use 1 | Circle | conical | 64 | 58 | NR to 30 | NR to 20 | 23 (E) | 415.5 (E) | 8 to 5 | NR | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 22 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 15 | leaf blower 2 | ? | 499 | Scotland Taconite/DD1-SSW | 33.5/7.5 | 41.0 | 63.5% | roasted | all to 25 / 5 | NR | 0:19 | 61 | 13.3 | 7.0 | beech | Scotland | 4:25 | bottom | 11.6 | dense | 28.29% | 44.58% | Culduthel, Scotland | bones test | excellent demonstration results | |||||
63 | T1 | Peat Test | SSW | Lumsden Scotland | 21-Aug-14 | Scotish | N | Turf-to-Tools | short shaft on stone | manure cobb | Use 2 of Expt 59 | Circle | conical | 64 | 58 | NR to 30 | NR to 20 | 23 (E) | 415.5 (E) | 8 to 5 | NR | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 22 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 15 | leaf blower 2 | ? | 499 | 0 | 0.0 | na | 0:0 | 42 | 7 | peat pellets | Scotland | 1:00 | na | na | na | na | ? | Scotland | peat fuel test | temperatures suggest possible | ||||||||||
64 | 60 / D28 | Icelandic 6 | DARC | Wareham ON | 20-Jun-15 | Viking Age Icelandic | Y | Icelandic | banked short shaft | sod only | Circle | cylinder | 82 | 50 | turf | 34 | 907.9 | none | 18 x 20 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 22 to 12 Down | 5.6 | charcoal fines | 23 | electric blower | 1400- (E) | 1089 | DD1Fa | 31 | 31.0 | 56.2% | raw | all to 25 | NR | 0:41 | 76 | 12.6 | 6.9 | maple | Maple Leaf | 4:11 | cold | 7.7 | solid | 24.84% | 44.21% | 17.7 | Hals Iceland | build elements | function with raw earth / sod only | ||||||
65 | 61 / D29 | Icelandic 7 | DARC | Wareham ON | 12-Oct-15 | Viking Age Icelandic | Y | Icelandic | banked short shaft | sod w clay liner | Circle | cylinder | 97 | 72 | turf | 29 | 660.5 | 3-3.5 | 18 x 21 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 14 | electric blower | 1000 | 793 | DD1Fa | 30.5 | 30.5 | 56.2% | all to 25 | NR | 2:47 | 56 | 14.9 | 7.9 | ? hardwood | NR | 4:44 | bottom | 4.3 | solid | 14.10% | 25.09% | 18.83 | Hals, Iceland | build elements | thinner liner endures | |||||||
66 | 62 | Production | Wareham ON | 22-May-16 | modern | N | short shaft on block | manure cobb in can | Use 2 of Expt 50 | Circle | conical | 77 | 48 | 40 to 35 | 29 to 25.5 | 28 | 615.8 | NR to 5 | 23 x 23 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 15 | electric blower | 800 | 739 | DD1Fa | 29 | 29.0 | 56.2% | raw | all to 25 | 6.7 | 1:7 | 50 | 11.9 | 6.8 | ? hardwood | NR | 3:58 | bottom | NR | solid | NR | NR | use of May 2012 furnace | resonable return | ||||||||
67 | 63 | 50 Year / demo | SCA | Danville IN | 20-Jun-16 | Viking Age | Y | Air | short shaft on stone | manure cobb | Circle | cylinder | 75 | NR | 41 to 36 | 26 | 530.9 | 7.7 to 4.8 | 25 x 15 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down | 4 | charcoal fines | NR | multiple twin | NR | 637 | DD1Fd/Bratton's Run Goethite | 13.4/6.3 | 19.7 | 53.3% | all to 25 / 10 | NR | NR | 36 | 22.1 | 19.4 | maple | Maple Leaf | 7:00 | bottom | 4.9 | solid | 24.87% | 46.64% | speculative | multiple small bellows with bladder test | proof of historic method | ||||||||
68 | 64 | ARTEfakty A | ARTEfakty | Proszkow Poland | 9-Sep-16 | Viking Age | Y | short shaft | clay | Circle | cylinder | 70 | 60 | NR to 32 | 28 | 615.8 | NR to 3 | 20 x 15 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down (E) | 5 | natural | 20 | danish vacuum | ? | 739 | Harres Bog Ore/Guldager Bog Ore | 15/15 | 30.0 | ? | raw | all to 25 | NR | 1:30 | 46 | 11.7 | 5.9 | ? hardwood | Poland | 2:44 | bottom | 5.8 | solid | 19.33% | ? | to museum | excellent demonstration results | |||||||||
69 | 65 | ARTEfakty B | ARTEfakty | Proszkow Poland | 11-Sep-16 | Viking Age | Y | short shaft on clay | clay | Circle | conical | 60 | 42 | 44 to 30 | 30 to 22 | 28 (E) | 615.8 (E) | 7 to 3 | 28 x 20 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down (E) | 5 | charcoal fines | 15 | danish vacuum | ? | 739 | Harres Bog Ore/Guldager Bog Ore | 20.5/20.5 | 41.0 | ? | raw | 2 | all to 25 | NR | 1:20 | 70.5 | 11.6 | 5.8 | ? hardwood | Poland | 4:04 | bottom | 8.2 | solid | 20.00% | ? | to museum | excellent demonstration results | |||||||
70 | 66 | T2T 2A | SSW | Lumsden Scotland | 17-Sep-16 | Pictish 200 - 400 AD | N | Turf-to-Tools | short shaft on stone | manure cobb | Use 1 | Circle | conical | 68 | 49 | 46 to 28 | 30 to 20 | 25 | 490.9 | 8 to 4 | 27 x 15 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down (E) | 5 | charcoal fines | 16 | leaf blower 2 | ? | 589 | Lecht Scotland Goethite | 36.5 | 36.5 | ? | roasted | all to 10 | 7.9 | 2:10 | 42.5 | 11.1 | 8.3 | beech | Scotland | 3:54 | bottom | 3.5 | crumbly | 9.59% | ? | Culduthel, Scotland | local resource test | questionable ore body | |||||
71 | 67 | T2T 2B | SSW | Lumsden Scotland | 24-Sep-16 | Pictish 200 - 400 AD | N | Turf-to-Tools | short shaft on stone | manure cobb | Use 2 of Expt 66 | Circle | conical | 68 | 49 | 46 to 28 | 30 to 20 | 25 | 490.9 | 8 to 4 | 27 x 15 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down (E) | 5 | charcoal fines | 19 | leaf blower 2 | ? | 589 | DD1-SSW | 36.4 | 36.4 | 54.8% | roasted | 3 | all to 25 | 5.6 | 1:25 | 42.5 | 6.1 | 4.7 | beech | Scotland | 1:50 | bottom | 1.5 | fragmented | 4.12% | 7.52% | Culduthel, Scotland | peat fuel test | uncertain why low yield | ||||
72 | 68 | T2T 2C | SSW | Lumsden Scotland | 27-Sep-16 | Pictish 200 - 400 AD | Y | Turf-to-Tools | short shaft on stone | manure cobb | Use 3 of Expt 66 | Circle | conical | 68 | 49 | 46 to 28 | 30 to 20 | 25 | 490.9 | 8 to 4 | 27 x 15 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down (E) | 5 | charcoal fines | 19 | leaf blower 2 | ? | 589 | Scotland Taconite/Lecht Scotland Goethite/Gromps | 22/6/6 | 34.0 | ? | roasted | 3 | all to 25 | NR | 0:47 | 51 | 8.6 | 4.8 | beech | Scotland | 2:35 | bottom | 9.0 | fragmented | 26.47% | ? | Culduthel, Scotland | public demonstration | excellent demonstration results | ||||
73 | 69 | Celtic Iron | SCC | Aberfeldy Scotland | 9-Sep-16 | Celtic Iron Age | N | Teaching | short shaft | NR clay | Circle | conical | 56 | 41 | NR | 40 to 20 | 35 | 962.1 | NR | 25 x 22 | steel pipe | 2.5 | 20 Down | 4.5 | charcoal fines | 15 | shop vac | ? | 1155 | 0 | 0.0 | na | na | 0:14 | 16.3 | na | na | mixed hardwood | Scotland | #VALUE! | na | na | na | na | ? | Celtic Iron Age ? | build and firing test only | build and firing only | |||||||||
74 | 70 / D30 | Icelandic 8 | DARC | Amaranth ON | 29-Oct-16 | Viking Age Icelandic | N | Icelandic | mounded short shaft | sod w clay liner | Cut-teardrop | cylinder | 75 | 55 | turf | 33 to 26 | 785.5 | varies | 24 x 12 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 25 Down | 4 | wood ash | 11 | electric blower | 1400- (E) | 943 | DD1 | 25 | 25.0 | 54.8% | raw | all to 25 | 5.6 | 0:55 | 63 | 13.1 | 6.6 | maple | Maple Leaf | 3:42 | bottom | 2.5 | crumbly | 10.00% | 18.24% | Hals, Iceland | full scale build | liner applied down cut shaft = problems | |||||||
75 | 71 | ExARC Iron | ReARC | Williamsburg VA | 19-Nov-16 | Viking Age | Y | Teaching | short shaft on brick | NR clay | Circle | cylinder | 65 | 45 | 37 to 33 | 25 | 490.9 | 6 to 4 | 28 x 12 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 20 | smelt bellows | 400 (A) (E) | 589 | DD1 | 4 | 4.0 | 54.8% | raw | 2 | all to 25 | NR | 2:56 | 18 | 17.5 | 9.7 | mixed hardwood | Nature-Glo | 1:10 | bottom | 0.0 | gromps only | na | na | teaching, use of smelting bellows | haulted due to schedule | |||||||
76 | 72 | Intro Smelting | von Eschen | Wareham ON | 30-Nov-16 | Viking Age | N | Teaching | short shaft on block | manure cobb | Circle | cylinder | 65 | 50 | 37 to 33 | 25 | 490.9 | 6 to 4 | 24 x 8 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 23.5 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 15 | electric blower | 465 | 589 | DD1Fa/Guy's Run Goethite | 25.2/6.5 | 31.7 | 56.6% | roasted | all to 25 / 10 | 7.6 | 3:10 | 56 | 14.3 | 7.4 | maple | Maple Leaf | 4:31 | bottom | 7.8 | crumbly | 24.61% | 43.51% | teaching | |||||||||
77 | 73 | Intro Smelting | SCA | Milton ON | 21-Jun-17 | Viking Age | N | Teaching | short shaft on stone | NR clay | Circle | cylinder | 77 | 61 | 41 to 35 | 25 | 490.9 | 8 to 5 | 17 x 10 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 23 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 16 | smelt bellows | 480 (A) | 589 | DD1Fa | 26.9 | 26.9 | 56.2% | raw | 3 | all to 25 | NR | 2:5 | 61 | 26.7 | 12.2 | maple | Maple Leaf | 6:40 | bottom | 4.9 | crumbly | 18.22% | 32.42% | Vinland | teaching | air supply varies considerably (221 - 560) | ||||||
78 | 74 | Vinland 6 | DARC / Parks Canada | L'Anse aux Meadows NL | 16-Jul-17 | Viking Age Vinland | Y | Vinland | short shaft | NR clay, stick core | Circle | cylinder | 64.5 | 42.5 | NR | 23.5 | 433.7 | NR | 2 x 20 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 23 Down | 5 | ash & fines | 19 | smelt bellows | 500 | 520 | DD1 | 27.5 | 27.5 | 54.8% | raw | all to 25 | 8.9 | 3:11 | 58 | 17.0 | 8.5 | maple | Maple Leaf | 5:23 | dismantled | 5.5 | solid | 20.00% | 36.48% | Vinland | demonstration on site | big variation on burn rates (9 - 24) | |||||||
79 | 75 | Celtic Iron | SCC | Aberfeldy Scotland | 6-Aug-17 | Celtic Iron Age | Y | short shaft / slag pit | manure cobb | Circle | conical | 62 | 46 | 42 to 30 | 30 to 22 | 25 (E) | 490.9 (E) | 6 to 4 | 23 x 17 | ceramic tube | 2.5 (T) | 23 Down | 4 | sticks with cap | 16 | shop vac | NR | 589 | DD1 | 20 | 20.0 | 54.8% | raw | all to 25 | NR | 2:0 | 45.5 | 8.6 | 5.3 | mixed hardwood | Scotland | 2:00 | dismantled | 2.9 | gromps only | 14.50% | 26.45% | Celtic Iron Age ? | demonstration on site | shortened cyle for event | |||||||
80 | 76 | Slag Pit 3 | Peterson + | Wareham ON | 23-Jun-18 | Celtic Iron Age | N | short shaft on brick / slag pit | manure cobb in can | Use 3 of Expt 50 | Circle | conical | 77 | 48 | 40 to 35 | 29 to 25.5 | 28 | 615.8 | NR to 5 | 23 x23 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down | 5 | weeds with cap | 12 | electric blower | 900 to 1000 | 739 | DD1Fa/Gromps | 28.2/2 | 30.2 | ? | raw | 2 | all to 25 | NR | 1:0 | 58 | 12.1 | 7.9 | maple | Maple Leaf | 4:01 | top | 6.1 | solid | 20.20% | ? | Celtic Iron Age ? | |||||||
81 | 77 | Viking Age Iron | Hurstwic | Wareham ON | 30-Jun-18 | Viking Age | N | Teaching | short shaft on brick | manure cobb | Circle | conical | 67 | 51 | 50 to ? | 36 to 19 | 33 | 855.3 | 6 to NR | NR | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 22 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 15 | electric blower | 900 | 1026 | DD1Fa/Gromps | 29.3/1 | 30.3 | ? | raw | 5 | all to 25 | NR | 1:18 | 65 | 12.1 | 6.7 | maple / oak - hickory | Maple Leaf / Royal Oak | 3:49 | bottom | 11.0 | solid | 36.30% | ? | Viking Age ? | teaching | new red oxide @ 51% Fe | |||||
82 | 78 | CAMELOT | students, Gissing | Waterloo ON | 16-Sep-18 | Viking Age | Y | short shaft on block | manure cobb | Circle | cylinder | 60 | 41 | 40 to 35 | 26 | 530.9 | 7 to 4.5 | NR | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 22 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 19 | electric blower | 900 | 637 | DD1Fa | 30.6 | 30.6 | 56.2% | raw | all to 25 | 6.7 | 2:9 | 51 | 12.4 | 6.9 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 3:56 | bottom | 5.4 | solid | 17.65% | 31.41% | demonstration on site | CAMELOT conference | |||||||||
83 | 79 | Norse in America | Peterson, Robertson | Wareham ON | 13-Oct-18 | Viking Age | Y | short shaft on stone | manure cobb | Circle | cylinder | 73 | 50 | 39 | 27 | 572.6 | NR to 6 | 26 x 18 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down (E) | 5 | charcoal fines | 5 | electric blower | 1100 | 687 | DD1Fa/Guy's Run Goethite | 24/6 | 30.0 | 56.5% | roasted | 1.2 | all to 25 / 10 | NR | 1:55 | 58 | 14.0 | 7.8 | ? hardwood | NR | 4:12 | dismantled | 8.5 | solid | 28.33% | 50.11% | Americas Lost Vikings' filming | |||||||||
84 | 80 | Roman Passive | Peterson | Wareham ON | 18-Oct-18 | Roman | N | tall shaft | manure cobb | Use 1 | Circle | cylinder | 185 | 165 | 47 to 37 | 27 | 572.6 | 10 to 5 | none | 4 x steel pipe | 3 | 20 Down | 8 | wood ash | 20 | passive | NR | 687 | Bratton's Run Goethite/DD1Fa | 13/5.8 | 18.8 | 48.7% | roasted | all to 10 / 25 | NR | 0:46 | 46 | 24.1 | 9.7 | maple | Maple Leaf | 3:13 | dismantled | 0.0 | na | na | na | Roman / Rehder | theoretical system | charcoal 5 - 35, low temperatures | |||||||
85 | 81 | Gromps | Peterson | Wareham ON | 3-Nov-18 | Viking Age | N | short shaft on block | manure cobb | Use 2 of Expt 80 | Circle | cylinder | 70 | 50 | 40 | 30 | 706.9 | 5 | none | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 22 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 20 | electric blower | 800 to 900 | 848 | Gromps | 0/14.5 | 14.5 | na | raw | 3.5 | NR | NR | 0:52 | 57 | 11.9 | 6.6 | maple | Maple Leaf | 2:47 | top | 8.0 | lumps | 55.17% | ? | Espelund | theoretical method | although iron recovered, more control needed | ||||||
86 | 82 | Stone Block A | Goltz, Cogswell | Wareham ON | 22-Jun-19 | Viking Age | N | medium shaft | stone blocks, clay seal | Use 1 | Circle to Oval | conical | 100 | 70 | 60 to 45 | 30 to 20 | 25 | 490.9 | 15 to 10 | 30 x 18 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 22 Down | NR | wood ash | 15 | electric blower | 900 | 589 | DD1Fb | 26.3 | 26.3 | 57.3% | raw | 2.8 | all to 25 | 8.3 | 2:17 | 58 | 14.9 | 7.9 | maple | Maple Leaf | 3:59 | bottom | 7.0 | disk | 26.73% | 46.68% | Iceland | theoretical system | use of granite blocks | |||||
87 | 83 | Block / Slag Bowl | Peterson, Burton | Wareham ON | 13-Oct-19 | Viking Age | N | medium shaft | stone blocks, clay seal | Use 2 of Expt 82 | Circle to Oval | conical | 100 | 70 | 60 to 45 | 30 to 20 | 25 | 490.9 | 15 to 10 | 30 x 20 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 22 Down | NR | previous bowl | 10 | electric blower | 1000 | 589 | DD1Fb | 26.2 | 26.2 | 57.3% | raw | all to 25 | 6.3 | 1:31 | 48 | 12.7 | 6.6 | maple | Maple Leaf | 3:10 | bottom | 6.3 | solid | 24.05% | 41.99% | Iceland | previous slag bowl remains left in place | 2nd use of furnace | ||||||
88 | 84 | Stone Block C | Peterson, Cogswell | Wareham ON | 30-Oct-19 | Viking Age | N | medium shaft | stone blocks, clay seal | Use 3 of Expt 82 | Circle to Oval | conical | 100 | 70 | 60 to 45 | 30 to 20 | 25 | 490.9 | 15 to 10 | NR | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 22 Down | NR | charcoal fines | 15 | electric blower | 1000 | 589 | DD1Fb | 26 | 26.0 | 57.3% | raw | all to 25 | NR | 2:0 | 49 | 13.9 | 7.7 | maple | Maple Leaf | 3:28 | bottom | 6.8 | solid | 26.15% | 45.67% | Iceland | 3rd use of furnace | |||||||
89 | 85 / D31 | Bones | Peterson, Cogswell | Wareham ON | 20-Jun-20 | Viking Age | N | short shaft on stone | manure cobb | Circle | cylinder | 66 | 45 | 42 to 36 | 28 | 615.8 | 7 to 4 | 20 x 20 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 22 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 20 | electric blower | 900 to 1000 | 739 | DD1/Gromps | 25/1 | 26.0 | ? | raw | 4 | all to 25 | 6.8 | 2:5 | 52 | 13.4 | 7.5 | maple | Maple Leaf | 3:08 | bottom | 2.6 | disk, crumbly | 10.00% | ? | hypothetical | effect of addition of bone | finished to bar for carbon test | |||||||
90 | 86 | Smelting Course | Porter | Wareham ON | 11-Oct-20 | Viking Age | N | Teaching | medium shaft | stone blocks, clay seal | Use 4 of Expt 82 | Circle to Oval | conical | 100 | 70 | 60 to 45 | 30 to 20 | 25 | 490.9 | 15 to 10 | 30 x 18 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 25 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 20 | electric blower | 1200 | 589 | DD1Fc | 28.5 | 28.5 | 57.0% | raw | 4 | all to 25 | NR | 1:30 | 59 | 14.9 | 8.3 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 3:43 | bottom | 5.5 | crumbly | 19.30% | 33.86% | teaching | 4th use of furnace | |||||
91 | 87 / D32 | 65 for 65 | DARC | Wareham ON | 31-Oct-20 | Viking Age | N | medium shaft | stone blocks, clay seal | Use 5 of Expt 82 | Circle to Oval | conical | 100 | 70 | 60 to 45 | 30 to 20 | 25 | 490.9 | 15 to 10 | 22 x 15 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 25 Down | 2 | charcoal fines | 15 | electric blower | 900 | 589 | DD1-65/Bratton's Run Goethite/Opta Hematite/Guy's Run Goethite/Gromps | 31.5/14/6.5/6.5/6.5 | 65.0 | ? | various | 3 | various | NR | 2:4 | 85 | 12.6 | 6.8 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 6:32 | dismantled | 15.9 | solid | 24.46% | ? | past work | celebration of 20 years at 65th | 5 use of furnace, use of all previous ores | |||||
92 | 88 / D33 | Icelandic Clay A | DARC | Wareham ON | 19-Jun-21 | Viking Age Icelandic | N | Icelandic | mounded short shaft | sod w clay liner | Use 1 | Circle | cylinder | 75 | 50 | 160 x 150 | 28 | 615.8 | 3 | NR x 12 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 22 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 15 | electric blower | 700 to 800 | 739 | DD1 | 25.5 | 25.5 | 54.8% | raw | 5 | all to 25 | NR | 1:0 | 69 | 15.5 | 8.6 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 5:10 | bottom | 8.9 | varies | 34.90% | 63.66% | tap + bowl | 13.4 | Hals, Iceland | full scale build | sods laid as liner progresses | |||
93 | 89 / D34 | Icelandic Clay B | DARC | Wareham ON | 4-Sep-21 | Viking Age Icelandic | N | Icelandic | mounded short shaft | sod w clay liner | Use 2 of Expt 88 / D33 | Circle | cylinder | 75 | 43 | 160 x 150 | 28 | 615.8 | 3 | 23 x 16 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 14 | electric blower | 900 | 739 | DD1 | 26 | 26.0 | 54.8% | raw | 4.3 | all to 25 | NR | 1:26 | 65 | 11.4 | 5.8 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 2:51 | bottom | 8.2 | spongy | 31.54% | 57.52% | bowl left in place | Hals Iceland | full scale build, repeat use | repair damage to front area (turtle) | ||||
94 | 90 / D35 | Wind & Weather | DARC | Wareham ON | 28-Oct-21 | Viking Age | N | Air | short shaft on stone | manure cobb | Circle | cylinder | 77 | 59 | 42 to 34 | 28 | 615.8 | 7 to 3 | 22 x 15 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 18 | blower / smelt bellows | 477 to 875 | 739 | DD1 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 54.8% | raw | 1.5 | all to 25 | NR | 1:40 | 60 | 13.8 | 7.2 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 3:40 | dismantled | 7.6 | slightly spongy | 31.28% | 57.05% | all left in place | past work | comparison of blower to smelting bellows | all left in place for weathering | |||||
95 | 91 / D36 | Low & Longer A | DARC | Wareham ON | 22-Jun-22 | Viking Age | N | Air | short shaft on block | manure cobb / LAM | Use 1 | Circle | cylinder | 59 | 45 | 39 to 33 | 25 | 490.9 | 7 to 4 | 18 x 10 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 25 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 16 | electric blower | 425 | 589 | DD1/Bratton's Run Goethite | 24.5/2 | 26.5 | 54.1% | raw | all to 25 / 10 | NR | 1:15 | 42 | 23.7 | 13.1 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 5:55 | bottom | 7.0 | very spongy | 26.42% | 48.82% | past work | LAM clay test / lower air volume | |||||||
96 | 92 | Low & Longer B | Peterson, Kuntze, Hafner | Wareham ON | 29-Oct-22 | Viking Age | N | Air | short shaft on stone | manure cobb | Use 2 of Expt 91 / D36 | Circle | cylinder | 59 | 45 | 39 to 33 | 25 | 490.9 | 7 to 4 | 18 x 10 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 25 Down | 6 | charcoal fines | 20 | electric blower | 405 to 480 | 589 | DD1/Bratton's Run Goethite | 24.5/2 | 26.5 | 54.1% | raw | all to 25 / 10 | NR | 1:25 | 56 | 30.9 | 11.2 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 7:43 | bottom | 5.0 | very crumbly | 18.87% | 34.87% | previous | lower air volume repeated | 2nd use of furnace | ||||||
97 | 93 | Caherconnell | Jeffery, O Duhghail | Caherconnell Ireland | 27-Aug-23 | Irish ? | Y | short shaft | clay / sand | Oval to Circle | conical | 69 | 53 | NR | 35 to 30 | 28.5 (E) | 637.9 (E) | NR | NR | sheet copper | 2 (T) | 20 Down | 4.5 | thin ash | 11 | small blower | ? | 765 | Antrim Irish Hematite | 25.5 | 25.5 | 35.0% | roasted | all to 5 | NR | 1:8 | 28 | 7.6 | 7.6 | ? hardwood | Ireland | 2:02 | cold | 1.4 | lacy disk | 5.49% | 15.70% | previous Irish work | test of ore | re-use of poor furnace, expected low yields | |||||||
98 | 94 / D37 | Plusing Air | DARC, Kuntze | Wareham ON | 28-Oct-23 | Viking Age | N | Air | short shaft on block | manure cobb | Circle | cylinder | 62 | 45 | 39 to 32 | 25 | 490.9 | 7 to 4 | 22 x 10 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 22 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 18 | blower / sliding gate | instrument fail | 589 | DD1 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 54.8% | raw | 2.8 | all to 25 | 16.5 | 0:56 | 48 | 33.1 | 17.9 | oak-hickory / ash | Royal Oak / Goltz | 6:37 | bottom | 3.0 | fragmented | 17.27% | 31.51% | smelter bellows | effect of sliding gate air supply | expected extended duration | ||||||
99 | 95 / D38 | Pulsing Air Demo | DARC, Rodgers | Tiverton ON | 21-Jun-24 | Viking Age | Y | Air | short shaft on stone | clay / broken furnace | Circle | cylinder | 72 | 59 | 35 to 30 | 25 | 490.9 | 5 to 2.5 | 20 x 9 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 22 Down | 4.5 | charcoal fines | 13 | blower / sliding gate | 525 (A) (E) | 589 | DD1 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 54.8% | raw | 4 | all to 25 | 9.6 | 2:21 | 61 | 22.8 | 12.0 | ash | Goltz | 5:19 | bottom | NR | fragmented | NR | NR | smelter bellows | effect of sliding gate air supply | air fail, no burn down 9 - 12 kg in stack | ||||||
100 | 96 / D39 | Pulsing Air Followup | Peterson, Hafner, Hickey | Wareham ON | 13-Oct-24 | Viking Age | N | Air | short shaft on block | manure cobb | Circle | cylinder | 61 | 43 | 33 | 23 | 22 | 380.1 | 5 | 16 x 10 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 22 Down | 5 | charcoal fines | 18 | blower / sliding gate | 601.035 (A) (E) | 456 | DD1 | 15 | 15.0 | 54.8% | raw | 3 | all to 25 | 18.0 | 2:57 | 33.2 | 33.2 | 20.8 | oak-hickory / ash | Royal Oak / Goltz | 5:32 | bottom | 3.3 | large, typical cupped / dense | 22.01% | 40.15% | smelter bellows | effect of sliding gate air supply | expected extended duration | |||||
101 | 97 | Artfire One | Caroll/Patton/Logan | 19-Oct-24 | Viking Age | N | medium shaft on plinth | manure cobb / block | Circle | cylinder | 86 | 43 | 39 | 29 | 29 | 660.5 | 5 | 11 x 20 | forged copper | NR (T) | 22.5 Down | 5 | 12 | blower (bouncy castle) | NR | 793 | artisian well seep | 31 | 31.0 | ? | 8.6 | 2:5 | 37.26 | 9.9 | 13.1 | oak | unknown | 2:39 (E) | bottom | 2.8 | half cast, half bloom | 9.03% | ? | ||||||||||||||
102 | 98 / D40 | Return to Icelandic | Peterson, Hafner, Hickey, Cogswell | Wareham ON | 3-Nov-24 | Viking Age | N | Icelandic | mounded short shaft | sod w clay liner | Use 3 of Expt 88/D33 | Oval | cylinder | 63 | 40 | 28 by 40 | 28 | 879.6 | ceramic tube | 2.5 | 22 Down | 4 | 19 | blower / sliding gate | 525 (A) (E) | 1056 | DD1 | 17 | 17.0 | 54.8% | raw | 4 | all to 25 | 7.6 | 1:59 | 50.4 | 13.9 | 7.7 | oak - hickory | Royal Oak | 2:33 (E) | dismantled | 0.971 | 5.73% | 10.45% | Hals Iceland | Reuse after long delay | ||||||||||
103 | 99 | Smelting Course | Koss/Ferral/Gallant | Wareham ON | 9-Nov-24 | Viking Age | N | Teaching | short shaft on block | manure cobb / block | Circle | cylinder | 61 | 40 | 33 to 29 | 23 | 23 | 415.5 | 3 to 5 | forged copper | 2.5 (T) | 20 Down | 5 | thin ash | 13.5 | electric blower | 700 (A) | 499 | Gatineau Magnetite | 34.5 | 34.5 | ? | 2 | all to 25 | NR | 1:16 | 83 | 17.4 | 6.7 | tropical (Brazil) | 5:48 | bottom | 0 | no bloom recovered | na | ? | |||||||||||
104 | 100 | ERROR | 0 | 0:00 | None | None |